Victim Toolbox: Information for Victims of Overseas Terrorism

The availability of information and notification will depend on the foreign system. Information and notification will be provided on a case by case basis. The following are examples of the types of information and notification we may provide:

• General information about the foreign government’s criminal justice process;

• General information about the foreign system’s victims’ rights, if any;

• Information about the foreign government's investigation and prosecution;

• Ongoing notification about case events and proceedings;

• Status and release of prisoners; and,

• Referrals to partners for information about the U.S. criminal investigation and prosecution, if any.

DOJ/OVT is uniquely situated in the Department of Justice's (DOJ) National Security Division (NSD) to support U.S. victims of international terrorism through obtaining information and advocating for your voice to be heard around the world. Please know that while we are a critical partner with the U.S. investigatory and prosecution teams, DOJ/OVT can neither represent victims nor provide legal advice.

Would you like to receive notifications? Do you prefer email or a phone call? How often? We want to hear from you on your preferred method of communication. If you are a U.S. victim of an international terrorist attack and have not had the opportunity to provide us your preferred method of communication, follow up with the DOJ/OVT Attorney Advisor assigned to your case or email us at nsd.ovt@usdoj.gov.

We remain mindful of the privacy concerns of victims and their families. Although private information is safeguarded from public disclosure, when necessary, information may be shared with our U.S. government partners or may be shared with other U.S. law enforcement entities as appropriate. We use our best efforts to protect private information as possible. For more information read DOJ’s privacy policy.

Many U.S. citizen victims of overseas terrorism seek to be present at the foreign criminal justice proceedings. As a U.S. citizen victim of international terrorism, or as a family member of a deceased or injured victim, you may have the opportunity to attend the foreign criminal justice proceeding. The purpose of the Criminal Justice Participation Assistance Fund (CJPAF) is to provide you with financial support to participate in foreign criminal justice proceedings related to terrorist attacks. Transportation expenses of a support person may also be covered.

The funds are derived from the Crime Victims Fund/Antiterrorism Reserve, which is composed of fines and special assessments paid by convicted federal offenders. The CJPAF program is not derived from Federal or State tax monies.

For more information we encourage you to contact us.

You may have the opportunity to describe how the terrorist attack affected you and/or others close to you through a victim impact statement (VIS).

Whether a victim has the right to be heard through the criminal justice process will depend upon the laws of the foreign government. We will help you determine whether the foreign government will allow the submission of a VIS, and will assist in the drafting and delivery of your VIS.

While victim impact statements are enshrined in the U.S. criminal justice system, U.S. laws concerning victims’ rights are not applicable in foreign countries. The submission of a VIS, who is allowed to give a VIS, and how the VIS is to be submitted will vary with each foreign government.

The aim of this information is to help you decide whether you wish to complete a statement and, if you do choose to submit a statement, to provide general information, such as: definitions, procedures for completion and submission, and suggestions on how to get started and what to include.

What Is a Victim Impact Statement (VIS)?

No one knows better than you do how a terrorist act has impacted your life. A VIS can help the foreign Court understand all the ways this crime has affected you and those close to you. It can be an effective, on-the-record way of communicating with the Court. Submitting a VIS in your own words can help personalize the impact of the attack by describing how the attack impacted your health, your finances, your emotions, your relationships, your work, or any other impact that you feel should be expressed to the Court. It is possible the Judge will use it when forming an opinion about the type of sentence a Defendant would receive, but it depends on the laws of the country in question. The Court can consider other factors, but it gives the Judge a unique perspective into the impact of a crime on the victims and survivors.

It is possible that some portions of submitted VIS could be read aloud in court. There may be a particular interest in the personal and financial impact for victims who were physically injured. As such, it could be useful to include information about lost wages, medical bills, etc. If you are comfortable doing so, you may include copies of medical records or bills, but we strongly encourage you to redact any personally identifiable information (PII) such as your address, phone number, birth date, social security number, or banking/credit card information. Please know this information will become a part of the Court’s record and will likely be available to both the prosecution and defense as well, so please be aware that it may not remain confidential.

Please contact DOJ/OVT staff if you wish to discuss further, or if we can provide support throughout the writing process. The words must be your own, but we are available to offer assistance.

Guidance on Writing and Sending your Victim Impact Statements:

1. Please type your letter in a common font and a legible size. There may be certain requirements for certain countries about page length, font, type or margins, so please contact DOJ/OVT to discuss. As it will likely need to be signed by you and notarized, include a signature line for you and a space for a notary signature. 

2. Type the full name of the victim in the letter. If this is you, state “I, (your full name), was (injured) or (was a victim present) during the (name of attack).” If this is a family member or next of kin, please state “I, (your full name), am the (relationship) of (name of victim), who was (injured) or (was a victim present during) of the (name of attack).”

3. This statement will be sent overseas, so please be mindful of the culture in which your letter will be read and take into consideration what impact you want your statement to have. Please use straightforward language. Avoid acronyms or abbreviations, slang, obscenities or pop culture references. While English may be the language of the criminal justice system, sometimes these types of terms have a different (or no) meaning in other cultures. The parties may also translate the VIS into other languages for their use as well.

4. For some people, writing a VIS can be a very emotional experience. You may wish to have the support of a loved one, friend, or spiritual advisor when going through this process.

5. Your statement may need to be notarized. You will sign the statement in front of the notary, so when typing your letter leave a space to sign and have your full name typed under it. You can find a notary at your bank, many libraries, or some attorney’s or prosecutors’ offices. 

6. Please be advised that VIS may be read by the defendants, made public in the foreign country, and could be accessed by the media. Please do not include personally identifiable information, such as your home address, date of birth, cell phone number, email address, etc.  

7. Do not hesitate to email or call DOJ/OVT if you have any questions or need help with this process. 

We at DOJ/OVT hope that this information helps you understand how a VIS can be submitted to and used by the Court. We are sincerely sorry for the suffering that you and your loved ones have experienced, and we are here to assist you through this process. Our goal is to help you pursue justice and accountability. 

Understanding Foreign Systems

Legal systems vary from country to country, and sometimes within a single country. We are here to help provide generalized information about foreign legal and court systems, as well as some basic legal concepts.

• International Legal Systems: An Introduction (Guide) - An introduction to foreign criminal justice legal systems.

For more information about our activities in connection with terrorist attacks visit our Interactive World Map.

A victim is (based on 42 U.S.C. § 10607):

• A U.S. citizen;

• Who suffered direct physical, emotional, or financial harm as a result of an act of overseas terrorism; or,

• Spouse, parent, child, sibling, or legally designated representative of the victim, when the direct U.S. victim is a minor or is incompetent, incapacitated, or killed.

Overseas terrorism is (based on 18 U.S.C. § 2331):

• Violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that violate federal or state law;

• That are intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population, influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion, or affect the conduct of a government; and,

• Occur outside the United States.

A support person, for the purposes of the Criminal Justice Participation Assistance Fund (CJPAF) program, accompanies a victim to the foreign criminal proceeding. This may be a spouse, domestic partner, family member, close friend, clergy, etc. Depending on the circumstances, the cost of one support person may be allowable under the CJPAF. Generally, if two victims can function as support persons for each other, no additional support person can be authorized. Special exceptions may be granted for victims with disabilities who have special needs that require the assistance of a personal care attendant. To learn more about support persons in reference to CJPAF, visit the CJPAF section under the Victim Toolbox’s Foreign System Participation tab.

We support U.S. victims of terrorism overseas by helping them navigate foreign criminal justice systems and by advocating for their voices to be heard around the world. Learn more about our office.

We will work to keep victims and their families informed about significant developments related to an overseas investigation and prosecution of a terrorist attack. If you have not shared your preferred method of communication with DOJ/OVT staff, please contact us.

In the aftermath of a terrorist attack, a victim’s access to information and support can be very important to them. Sometimes law enforcement or justice personnel may use acronyms, or legal terms and jargon that are unfamiliar. You may not fully understand what we mean, or appreciate how the information impacts you. It can also be stressful or intimidating to talk to people you don’t really know about the terrorist attack. Here are some general tips to help you when talking to us, or other government counterparts:

• If you have questions, write them down in advance of phone calls or meetings;

• Take notes during phone calls or meetings, so you will be able to review them later;

• Ask for resources to address other needs related to the terrorist attack, like emotional health support for you or a loved one;

• Ask for the person’s contact information, including a preferred method for you to follow up with them;

• At the conclusion of the meeting, share any concerns and remaining questions. Even if the person can’t answer your questions immediately, he or she may be able to get back to you with more details later;

• If helpful, bring a support person with you, or identify someone you can talk to before or after the phone call or meeting. This could be a family member, a friend, your clergy, or a mental health resource.

DOJ/OVT’s goal is to provide the most accurate information possible to U.S. victims of overseas terrorism. We strive to provide information that has been verified by a reliable resource. We do not typically provide updates based only on open source information (news reports, social media postings, etc.) that has not been verified. News and social media outlets can sometimes be wrong or misinformed. This means that you may see stories on the news or social media that will not necessarily be provided by our staff as an update to a U.S. victim of overseas terrorism. This is not a reflection of the attention we are paying to it. We care very much about providing you accurate up-to-date information, but we are not always in a position to confirm or deny open source reports.

There is an array of services for victims—medical, mental health and other social services; criminal justice system information; victim advocates to help navigate local, state, federal and/or international systems; and, crime victim expense reimbursement—offered at the local, tribal, state, federal and international levels. To learn more about available services, explore our referrals, resources, and/or contact us.

There are federal, state, local and international government and non-government programs that assist victims of crime, and more specifically U.S. victims of international terrorism. The U.S. Departments of Justice and State, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, have victim assistance-related responsibilities when an act of international terrorism affects U.S. citizens overseas. To learn more about U.S. government victim assistance, visit our referrals. For more resources on crime victim services and organizations and crime victim information, visit our resources.

Terrorist attacks in foreign countries that include United States citizen victims are federal crimes in the United States. The attack is usually also a crime in the country where the attack occurs.

Law enforcement agencies in the country where the attack occurs have sole jurisdiction to investigate crimes within their borders. The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) may open an investigation into the matter. The FBI must obtain approval from the foreign government before conducting any investigative activities in that country and the FBI usually works with the local law enforcement for that country. Foreign law enforcement’s ability to investigate crimes can vary greatly based on many factors, including capability, training, resources, and degree of control over the geographical location where the crime occurred.

If law enforcement is able to collect sufficient evidence to bring charges and apprehend the perpetrators, the crime may be prosecuted in court.

Foreign Prosecution

Many times the government of the country where an attack occurs will pursue justice in its own criminal justice system for all of the victims, including U.S. citizen victims. The FBI and United States prosecutors may offer to provide assistance to the foreign government which may or may not accept the offer. Charges and proceedings in the foreign country may be very different from those in the United States. In some countries, the punishment for terrorism crimes may be substantially less than in the United States, while other countries may have comparable penalties, including the death penalty. In some cases, foreign governments have released convicted terrorists before serving their full sentences.

Prosecution in the United States

Early on in the FBI investigation, United States prosecutors will be assigned to work with the FBI. Prosecutors from a United States Attorney’s Office and the Counterterrorism Section in the Department of Justice’s National Security Division will work closely together to evaluate the case for prosecution in the United States. Generally, the following steps are necessary for a prosecution in the United States:

1. Evidence Collection: Sufficient admissible evidence must be obtained, including from foreign authorities;
2. Charges: A grand jury must charge the perpetrators in an indictment or the prosecutor must charge the perpetrators through an information or complaint;
3. Arrest: The persons charged must be arrested either in the United States or overseas;
4. Extradition (or other lawful removal and return of the suspect): If a charged person is in the custody of a foreign government, the foreign government must agree to transfer the person to the United States to stand trial.

This process can take many years. Sometimes charges are filed in the United States but are not made public. One purpose for nonpublic charges is to make it easier to capture the perpetrators. Although the FBI and prosecutors are generally legally required to provide victims with information about the status of a United States investigation, government staff will not always be able to share particular details about the case because it could interfere with the investigation, would violate a court order, or would otherwise be inappropriate. The United States may not be able to prosecute a case that occurs in a foreign country, even when a foreign nation cooperates with the FBI. Some of the reasons may include:

• The evidence collected in a foreign country may not be admissible in U.S. courts;

• The U.S. does not possess sufficient admissible evidence to prove guilt of a perpetrator beyond a reasonable doubt;

• A foreign country’s prosecution may take precedence;

• The host country may decide to imprison the perpetrator;

• The host country may not agree to extradite the perpetrator to the U.S or there may be legal or other obstacles to extradition;

• The perpetrator cannot be found or apprehended; and

• There may be concerns about compromising the investigation if an arrest is made while the case is still being investigated.

The decision to hire a lawyer to represent your interests as a victim is a very personal decision based on a number of important factors. While some countries may, as a matter of law or legal tradition, provide victims or their surviving family members with legal representation, the vast majority of countries do not. A comprehensive discussion of the factors to consider before hiring a foreign attorney may be found on the Department of State’s website.

Organizing all of the information you receive may help you to feel more in control of your circumstances, reducing stress and confusion over the long run.  Being organized can also help you prepare for meetings with government officials, law enforcement, medical or psychological professionals, or victims’ assistance service providers.  In addition, maintaining a system for your records can be important for financial purposes like tax preparation and state and federal crime victim compensation and reimbursement program applications.  A note sheet (see also below) may be especially helpful for keeping track of your questions and notes from meetings and calls.

As you prepare to talk to government officials or service professionals on the phone or in person, we recommend the following:

1. Schedule calls and meetings when you feel ready to receive information, on days that are not already busy or stressful, and when you can limit any distractions. This will allow you to truly focus on the conversation.

2. Have a pen and paper ready to take notes.

3. Ask for the name and contact information of the person you meet or are talking to on the phone, or ask for a business card if in person.

4. Write down your questions in advance. During a conversation, you may be overwhelmed and forget some things you really want to ask.

5. Keep business cards organized in an organizer or simple holder, like an envelope. You may want to write down the date and time that you talked to that person on the back of the card.

6. Keep a file folder with all of the documents you receive, including letters. Create a special email folder if you are communicating by email. You may want to review them in the future, even if they do not seem as important now. Organizing them as they arrive will make this easier.

7. Ask a family member, friend, religious leader/advisor, or psychological professional to review your questions, or be present for a call or meeting. A support person can not only provide emotional support, they may also help by reminding you of questions or concerns you have voiced.

8. Ask for resources to address other needs related to the terrorist attack, like emotional health support for you or a loved one.

9. Whomever you are speaking to may not have all of the answers to your questions. Be prepared to have a follow up conversation or email exchange to allow them time to try to find out more.

10. When making a phone call, be honest with officials about who is listening. You can also ask who is on the phone with the person you are calling. It is important to build trust on both sides.

Note: The below resources are in PDF format. If you do not have the ability or capability to print these materials, please contact us and we can send a hard copy to you. Please contact us at nsd.ovt@usdoj.gov or (202) 233-0701, toll free at (877) 738-0153.​

• Finding Your Voice, Finding Your Way Cover Sheet

• DOJ OVT Information for US Victims of Overseas Terrorism

• DOJ OVT Factsheet​

• International Legal Systems Brochure​

• ​USG Response to Terrorist Attack Chart​

• FBI Victim Assistance Program

• ​ITVERP Fact Sheet​

• ​OVC Handbook for Coping After Terrorism​

• ​FBI VSD Coping After Terrorism for Injured Survivors​

• ​FBI VSD Coping after Terrorism for Survivors​

• ​SAMHSA Tips for Survivors of a Disaster or Other Traumatic Event: Managing Stress​

• ​SAMHSA Tips for Survivors of a Disaster or Other Traumatic Event: What to Expect In Your Personal, Family, Work and Financial Life​

• ​SAMHSA Tips for Survivors Coping with Grief After a Disaster or Other Traumatic Event: Coping with Retraumatization​

• ​SAMHSA Tips for Survivors: Coping with Grief After a Disaster or Other Traumatic Event​

• ​FBI Tips for Dealing with the Media​

• ​Notetaking Form for Calls or Meetings

• APA: American Psychological Association
• CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• FBI/VSD: Federal Bureau of Investigation – Victim Services Division
• NCTSN: National Child Traumatic Stress Network
• NIH: National Institute of Health
• NIMH: National Institute of Mental Health
• NMVVRC: National Mass Violence Victim Resource Center
• OVC: Office for Victims of Crime
• PTSD: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
• SAMHSA: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
• VA: Department of Veteran Affairs
• VCRC: Victim Connect Resource Center

Helplines offer emotional support 24/7 and conveniently via talk, text, or type. Whether in crisis, or simply needing an empathic ear, the resources below can link you to qualified, confidential professionals around the country anytime of day.

• 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline provides 24/7, free, and confidential support for people in distress, and prevention and crisis resources for you or your loved ones. The Lifeline is comprised of a national network of over 200 local crisis centers, combining custom local care and resources with national standards and best practices.
  • Call/Text: 988
  • Online Chat: Lifeline Chat and Text: Lifeline (988lifeline.org)
• Disaster Distress Helpline provides 24/7, 365-day-a-year crisis counseling and support to people experiencing emotional distress related to natural or human-caused disasters. The Helpline is staffed by trained counselors from a network of crisis call centers located across the United States, and provide counseling support before, during, and after disasters. Staff can also refer people to local disaster-related resources for follow-up care and support.
  • Call/Text: 1(800)989-5990
  • Press “2” for Spanish-speaking support
  • Online Chat: N/A
• Victim Connect Resource Center is a referral helpline where crime victims can learn about their rights and options confidentially and compassionately. Callers receive strength-based and trauma-informed services and referrals in over 200 languages. Victim Assistance Specialists provide emotional support, information, and referrals that empower visitors as they navigate the physical, emotional, legal, and financial consequences following a crime.
  • Call/Text: 1(855)484-2846
  • Online Chat: Victim Connect Chat - Victim Connect Resource Center
• Veterans and Military Crisis Line offers free, 24/7, confidential support for veterans and U.S. Service Members. Callers do not need to be enrolled in VA benefits to use the Crisis Line. Responders are trained and qualified, with many being U.S. military veterans. For continuing care, callers can be referred to local VA coordinators capable of connecting veterans to additional counseling and services. The Military Crisis Line is available to all service members, including Active Duty, National Guard, and Reserve components.  
  • Call/Text: 988 then press 1; or text 838255
  • Online Chat: Chat (veteranscrisisline.net)
• Office for Victims of Crime: List of Toll Free, Text, and Online Hotlines If you are a victim of a crime, you have many rights and services available to help you. Use this link to get help or find additional information.

The following service directories are designed to help individuals narrow down mental health organizations and providers to their specific needs, specialty, location, and payment methods.

• SAMHSA – Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator is an online resource from the Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration allowing users to search for mental illness and substance abuse treatment services in their area. Users may find the information helpful in finding services for themselves or someone they love. Searches can be filtered by state, county, and distance from a specific location.
  • Web Tutorial: Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator
  • Call: 1(800)622-HELP (4359)
  • Text: Send your zip code to 435748 (HELP4U)

• Directory of Crime Victim Services – Office for Victims of Crime helps users locate victim services in the United States and other countries. Use the search filters in the link to locate victim service providers by location, type of victimization, and service provided.

• Victim Connect Resource Map – Victim Connect Resource Center is a searchable tool with commonly used national and local resources. The resources can be filtered by categories, services, location, and keywords.

• National Resource Directory – Defense Health Agency is a database of validated resources that supports recovery, rehabilitation, and reintegration for service members, veterans, family members, and caregivers.

A safety plan is designed to guide you through a crisis by recognizing personal warning signs, using your own coping strategies, identifying social supports, contacting mental health professionals, and ensuring your environment is safe. The following links offer possible templates for making a safety plan that suits you.

• How Can You Help Yourself? – 988Lifeline
• Safety Planning: What Can I Do? – Victim Connect Resource Center

Click the following links for helpful videos about starting a mental health journey, as well as easy-to-use mindfulness practices.

• Video: BeThe1 to Know the Steps – 988Lifeline
• Video: What Happens When You Text – 988Lifeline
• Audio/Video: Breathe In – 988Lifeline
• Video: How to Ask for Help – PsychHub
• Video: What to Expect in Therapy – PsychHub
• Video: Meditation for Stress – PsychHub
• Audio: Mindfulness & Meditation Exercises – U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs

Help can now be at your fingertips. If you have a smart phone, the apps below may be useful in accessing support and resources at your convenience.

• Disaster Mobile App - SAMHSA offers first responders immediate access for any type of traumatic event at every phase of response, including pre-deployment, on-the-ground assistance, and post-deployment resources. Features include tip sheets, guides, and directories of local behavioral health service providers in the impacted area.

• NMVVRC - Transcend NMVC was developed to assist with recovery from the psychological and behavioral response that can occur following direct or indirect exposure to mass violence incidents. Designed to help reduce the risk of developing problems and enhance recovery if concerns already exist.

• Mindfulness Coach – National Center for PTSD – VA.gov was developed to help veterans, service members, and others learn how to practice mindfulness. The app provides a gradual, self-guided training program designed to help you understand and adopt a simple mindfulness practice. The app offers a library of audio-guided mindfulness exercises, goal setting and tracking, and a mastery assessment to help track your progress.

• Couples Coach – National Center for PTSD – VA.gov was designed for partners who want to improve their relationship and explore new ways to connect. Couples choose missions – small commitments – to work through on their own or with their partner. There are five levels of training with dozens of missions to explore. Mission help couples increase communication and work through conflict.

• Insomnia Coach – National Center for PTSD – VA.gov was created for everyone to manage insomnia, using principles from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I). The app features a guided, weekly training plan, sleep coach tips and personal feedback on your sleep, an interactive sleep diary, and 17 tools to help you get your sleep back on track.

• PTSD Coach – National Center for PTSD – VA.gov was designed for veterans experiencing symptoms of PTSD. Users do not need to be in treatment for PTSD to use this app, but it is not a replacement for therapy. The app is available in English and Spanish. Features include reliable information on PTSD and treatment, tools for screening and tracking symptoms, tools to help handle stress, and direct links to support and help.
  • Instructions: Safety Plan for Suicide Prevention

Knowing where to begin your mental health journey can sometimes feel overwhelming or confusing. The following links may help answer questions and start you down the path for supporting yourself or someone you love.

• About Mental Health
  • Mental Health Myths and Facts – MentalHealth.gov
  • Mental Health & Suicide Prevention Glossary – 988Lifeline
  • Health Insurance and Mental Health Services – MentalHealth.gov
  • Tips for Talking with a Health Care Provider About Your Mental Health – NIMH.NIH.gov
• Surviving a Disaster or Traumatic Event
  • Disaster Survivors: How to Take Care of Yourself – 988Lifeline
  • Coping with a Disaster or Traumatic Event – CDC.gov
  • Disaster and Terrorism – National Center for PTSD – VA.gov
  • Survivors of Disasters Resource Portal – SAMHSA
  • Coping Tips for Traumatic Events and Disasters – SAMSHA
  • Coping After Terrorism for Survivors – FBI/VSD
  • I Was There: Coping with Witnessing Mass Violence – FBI/VSD
• Grief and Loss
  • Grief – National Center for PTSD – VA.gov
  • Coping with Grief After a Disaster or Traumatic Event – SAMHSA
  • Grief: How Right Now – CDC.gov
  • Coping with Grief and Loss – Help Guide – Michigan.gov
  • Coping with Grief: Life After Loss – Newsinhealth.nih.gov
  • What is Traumatic Grief? – PsychCentral.com  
• Community and Relationships
  • Help Yourself: Build a Support Network – 988Lifeline
  • Find a Support Group – Psychologytoday.com
  • Support Groups: Types, Benefits, and What to Expect – HelpGuide.org
  • Relationships – PTSD: National Center for PTSD
  • How Does Social Connectedness Affect Health? – CDC.gov
  • Manage Stress: Strengthen Your Support Network – apa.org
• About Trauma
  • Get Help Now: Finding a Trauma-Focused Therapist – NMVVRC
  • Self-Help: Coping Tips and Common Trauma Reactions – NMVVRC  
  • Sleep Problems and PTSD – National Center for PTSD – VA.gov
  • Depression, Trauma, and PTSD – National Center for PTSD – VA.gov
  • Anger and Trauma – National Center for PTSD – VA.gov
• Supporting a Loved One in Need
  • Supporting Someone After a Disaster – PTSD.va.gov
  • For Friends and Family Members – MentalHealth.gov
  • Mental Health: Family Member or Friend – VA.gov
  • Families Supporting a Loved One – SAMHSA
• Resources for Children
  • Get Help Now: The National Child Traumatic Stress Network – NCTSN.org
  • Traumatic Grief – NCTSN.org
  • Understanding Child Trauma – NCTSN – SAMHSA.gov
  • Addressing Trauma and Mass Violence – SAMSHA.gov
  • Helping Children and Adolescents Cope with Traumatic Events – NIMH.NIH.gov
  • Traumatic Experiences – Sesame Street in Communities